Why was the Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) built?
I'm doing research on the Channel Tunnel between France and Britain for Leisure and Tourism Studies but can't find and answer on 'Google' so answer please. 10 points for fastest answer :) x
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It had been an ambition of many leaders, going back as far as Napoleon, to link Britain with Europe. The answers as to why are many, but here goes.
It is only twenty two sea miles between France and England at their closest points. From a military point of view, if this gap could be closed, invasion would be simpler.
From a trade point of view it would be cheaper and open up a huge market not just into Europe, but beyond.
Back in the late 1800's, Sir Edward Watkin was the Chairman of the South Eastern Railway, a main line train company, and the Metropolitan railway company which ran a service from the city of London as far as 50 miles north. This man had aspirations of running a through train service from the industrialised North of England, via London down to the Kent coast and through a Channel tunnel and into France. Only the lack of technology stopped him. And Money. His vision was an early attempt at rapid freight transfer; at least much faster than by boat; the airplane didn't arrive until the early 1900's. This was also an attempt to increase tourism by opening up Europe to the United Kingdom. It must also be remembered that Britain was a world leader in many industries and we wanted to export as well as import. During the 1930's and 40's, there were even boat trains that carried the train onto the boat to get to France and England. There were main line trains timed to meet the ferries also. Such was the desire to cross the English Channel.
In the '60's and 70's continental tourism took off in a big way with the arrival of cheap flights and large vehicle and passenger ferries. I remember going on a day trip to Boulogne from England in the seventies for only eight pounds as a foot passenger with P and O ferries. This return included a litre of spirits and 200 cigarettes. With the arrival of the cross channel hovercrafts in 1969, competition was fierce. These air cushion craft could carry many passengers and vehicles, crossed the channel in about twenty five minutes and were cheaper than airplanes and though a little more expensive than ships, much faster. And they were a novelty not seen by many. But the dream of politicians and businessmen to link the two sides never went away. A direct through route to and from Europe was becoming vital. It just wasn't feasible until.........the demise of these hovercrafts, due to lifetime expiration, and the technology to tunnel relatively cheaply. When the French and British governments finally agreed on joint funding, the project was started. It wasn't the first time the tunnel had been started but it was the first time it was finished and in 1994 trains started running through. Trains carrying vehicles and passengers rather than a road tunnel were decided upon for safety reasons. Hope you now have a good insight into why the channel tunnel was built.
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